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[CHAPTER] lakes Wular Lake|Jammu & Kashmir|Largest freshwater lake in India (Jhelum River) Dal Lake|Jammu & Kashmir|Famous for houseboats and tourism (Srinagar) Pangong Tso|Ladakh|Saltwater lake shared with China (changes color) Tso Moriri|Ladakh|High-altitude freshwater lake in Changthang region Loktak Lake|Manipur|Largest freshwater lake in Northeast, known for phumdis Chilika Lake|Odisha|Largest brackish water lagoon in India (Ramsar site) Pulicat Lake|Andhra Pradesh & Tamil Nadu|Second largest brackish lake, bird sanctuary Kolleru Lake|Andhra Pradesh|Freshwater lake between Krishna and Godavari rivers Vembanad Lake|Kerala|Longest lake in India, famous for boat races Ashtamudi Lake|Kerala|Palm-shaped backwater lake (Ramsar site) Sasthamkotta Lake|Kerala|Largest freshwater lake in Kerala Periyar Lake|Kerala|Artificial lake formed by Mullaperiyar Dam Lonar Lake|Maharashtra|Crater lake formed by meteor impact (saline) Sambhar Lake|Rajasthan|Largest inland salt lake in India Pushkar Lake|Rajasthan|Sacred lake associated with Lord Brahma Didwana Lake|Rajasthan|Saltwater lake in Thar Desert Lunkaransar Lake|Rajasthan|Salt lake in Bikaner region Nakki Lake|Rajasthan|Artificial lake in Mount Abu Udaisagar Lake|Rajasthan|Artificial lake built by Maharana Udai Singh Fateh Sagar Lake|Rajasthan|Artificial lake in Udaipur Upper Lake (Bhojtal)|Madhya Pradesh|Largest artificial lake in India (Bhopal) Lower Lake|Madhya Pradesh|Located near Bhojtal in Bhopal Hussain Sagar Lake|Telangana|Artificial lake connecting Hyderabad & Secunderabad Osman Sagar Lake|Telangana|Artificial lake on Musi River Himayat Sagar Lake|Telangana|Artificial reservoir near Hyderabad Bellandur Lake|Karnataka|Largest lake in Bengaluru Varthur Lake|Karnataka|Second largest lake in Bengaluru [CHAPTER] classical dances Which state is Bharatanatyam from | Tamil Nadu | Oldest classical form with sculpturesque poses and expressive mudras What is Bharatanatyam called when one dancer plays many roles | Ekaharya | Abhinaya Darpana describes it as solo multi-role performance Which text is the main source for Bharatanatyam technique | Abhinaya Darpana by Nandikesvara | Gives grammar of body movement Which element is Bharatanatyam associated with | Fire | Known as fire dance with Tandava vigorous and Lasya graceful Who revived Bharatanatyam in modern times | Rukmini Devi Arundale | Founded Kalakshetra; other PYQ names Yamini Krishnamurthy T Balasaraswati Which state is Kathak from | Uttar Pradesh North India | Storytelling dance of kathakars with spins and tatkar footwork Kathak is the only classical dance wedded to which music | Hindustani music | Dancer pauses to recite verses then executes movement Under whose patronage did Kathak become major art | Wajid Ali Shah Nawab of Awadh | Developed in Mughal and Awadh courts Name the three main Kathak gharanas in PYQs | Lucknow Jaipur Banaras | Lucknow for abhinaya Jaipur for footwork Banaras for natwari bols Who are the most asked Kathak exponents | Pandit Birju Maharaj and Sitara Devi | Birju Maharaj Lucknow gharana Sitara Devi called queen of Kathak Which state is Kathakali from | Kerala | Dance-drama with elaborate makeup heavy costumes What is distinctive about Kathakali makeup | Chutti and green face for gods | Uses Navarasa facial expressions especially eyes Which temple arts are precursors to Kathakali | Ramanattam and Krishnattam | Evolved from 17th century temple traditions Name key Kathakali exponents | Guru Kunchu Kurup and Kalamandalam Gopi | Frequently appear in dance exponent PYQs Which state is Kuchipudi from | Andhra Pradesh | Origin village Kuchelapuram combines dance drama music Who systematized Kuchipudi | Siddhendra Yogi | Originally performed by male Brahmin Bhagavatas What is unique Tarangam in Kuchipudi | Dancing on brass plate balancing pot | Shows dexterity and earthy character Name Kuchipudi exponents asked in exams | Raja Reddy Radha Reddy Vempati Chinna Satyam | Also Yamini Krishnamurthy Which state is Odissi from | Odisha | Known for tribhangi posture and chowk stance Why is Odissi called mobile sculpture | Poses mirror temple sculptures | Represents water element with fluid torso Who were traditional Odissi performers | Maharis and Gotipuas | Maharis devadasis Gotipua boys dressed as girls Name Odissi gurus in PYQs | Kelucharan Mohapatra and Sanjukta Panigrahi | Revived modern Odissi repertoire Which state is Manipuri from | Manipur | Soft graceful lasya dance on Vaishnavism What is Lai Haraoba | Earliest ritual form of Manipuri | Means merrymaking of gods basis of stylised Manipuri Which Manipuri tradition is UNESCO ICH | Sankirtana | Ritual singing drumming and dance not the classical form itself Name Manipuri exponents | Guru Bipin Singh and Jhaveri sisters | Known for Raslila Which state is Mohiniyattam from | Kerala | Solo feminine dance with slow swaying lasya What does Mohiniyattam mean | Dance of Mohini enchantress | Developed under Travancore kings What is Mohiniyattam costume | White kasavu saree with gold border | 40 adavus basic movements Name Mohiniyattam exponents | Kalamandalam Kalyanikutty Amma and Sunanda Nair | Also Bharati Shivaji Kanak Rele Which state is Sattriya from | Assam | Introduced in 15th century by Sankaradeva When was Sattriya recognized as classical | 2000 | Eighth dance recognized by Sangeet Natak Akademi What are Sattriya monasteries called | Satras | Performed by bhokots monks as Ankiya Nat Name Sattriya exponents | Jatin Goswami and Ghanakanta Bora | Leading living masters How many classical dances are officially recognized | Eight | Bharatanatyam Kathak Kathakali Kuchipudi Odissi Manipuri Mohiniyattam Sattriya What are Tandava and Lasya | Two basic aspects of all classical dance | Tandava vigorous Lasya graceful What is difference between Nritta Nritya Natya | Nritta pure dance Nritya expressive gestures Natya drama | Natya is imitation of characters Which classical dance traditionally uses no ghungroo | Manipuri | Emphasizes soft sliding footwork devotion over rhythm [CHAPTER] festivals Hornbill Festival is held in which state? | Nagaland | 1-10 December at Kisama Hornbill Festival is also called? | Festival of Festivals | Showcases all Naga tribes Wangala Festival is celebrated in which state? | Meghalaya | Known as 100 Drums Festival Wangala is the festival of which tribe? | Garo tribe | Thanksgiving to Sun God Shad Suk Mynsiem is the dance festival of which tribe? | Khasi tribe | Meghalaya thanksgiving Behdienkhlam is celebrated by which tribe? | Jaintia tribe | Meghalaya plague-chasing ritual Chapchar Kut belongs to which state? | Mizoram | Spring festival after jhum Mim Kut is the harvest festival of which state? | Mizoram | Maize harvest Pawl Kut is celebrated in which state? | Mizoram | Paddy harvest in December Sekrenyi is the purification festival of which tribe? | Angami tribe | Nagaland in February Moatsu is the festival of which Naga tribe? | Ao tribe | Nagaland in May Losar is the New Year of which UT? | Ladakh | Tibetan Buddhist New Year Losar is also celebrated in which two states? | Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim | Not only Ladakh Hemis Festival honours whom? | Guru Padmasambhava | Ladakh biggest monastery fest Saga Dawa marks which events? | Buddha's birth enlightenment nirvana | Sikkim Triple Blessed Pang Lhabsol worships what? | Mount Kanchenjunga | Sikkim guardian deity Dree Festival belongs to which tribe? | Apatani tribe | Arunachal Pradesh July Solung Festival belongs to which tribe? | Adi tribe | Arunachal Pradesh September Mopin Festival belongs to which tribe? | Galo tribe | Arunachal Pradesh April Sangken is the water festival of which community? | Buddhist tribes | Arunachal Pradesh similar to Songkran Rongali Bihu is also known as? | Bohag Bihu | Assamese New Year Rongali Bihu is celebrated in which month? | April | Marks sowing season Kongali Bihu is also called? | Kati Bihu | Assam lean season October Magh Bihu is also called? | Bhogali Bihu | Assam harvest feast January Ambubachi Mela is held at which temple? | Kamakhya Temple | Assam June Me-Dam-Me-Phi is observed on which date? | 31 January | Ahom ancestor worship Assam Chhath Puja worships which god? | Sun God Surya | Bihar Jharkhand UP Sama-Chakeva celebrates what? | Brother-sister bond | Mithila Bihar Sonepur Mela is famous as? | Asia's largest cattle fair | Bihar Gandak confluence Bastar Dussehra lasts how many days? | 75 days | Chhattisgarh longest Bastar Dussehra worships which goddess? | Danteshwari | Not Rama Madai fair is famous in which state? | Chhattisgarh | Gond tribal Dec-Mar Goncha Festival is held where? | Bastar Chhattisgarh | Tribal Rath Yatra Shigmo is the spring festival of which state? | Goa | Like Holi Sao Joao is celebrated in which state? | Goa | 24 June well-jumping Goa Carnival was introduced by whom? | Portuguese | February Navratri Garba is signature of which state? | Gujarat | Nine nights Rann Utsav is held where? | Kutch Gujarat | White desert Modhera Dance Festival is held at? | Sun Temple Modhera | Gujarat January Uttarayan is Gujarat's name for which festival? | Makar Sankranti | Kite festival Surajkund Mela is held in which state? | Haryana | Faridabad February Minjar Fair is held at? | Chamba Himachal Pradesh | July-August Halda is New Year of which valley? | Lahaul Valley | Himachal Pradesh Kullu Dussehra starts when? | After Vijayadashami | Himachal 7 days Tulip Festival is held in which city? | Srinagar | Jammu and Kashmir April Sarhul worships which tree? | Sal tree | Jharkhand tribal New Year Karma festival worships which tree? | Karam tree | Jharkhand harvest Mysore Dasara is held in which state? | Karnataka | 10 days Karaga festival is famous in which city? | Bengaluru | Dedicated to Draupadi Hampi Utsav celebrates which empire? | Vijayanagara | Karnataka Onam honours which king? | King Mahabali | Kerala harvest Onam falls in which Malayalam month? | Chingam | Aug-Sep Vishu is Kerala's what? | New Year | April Vishukkani Thrissur Pooram is held at which temple? | Vadakkunnathan Temple | Kerala Nishagandhi Festival is held where? | Thiruvananthapuram | Kerala January Khajuraho Dance Festival is in which state? | Madhya Pradesh | February Bhagoria Haat is tribal festival of which state? | Madhya Pradesh | Bhil tribe Lokranjan is held at? | Khajuraho | Madhya Pradesh folk Narali Purnima is celebrated by which community? | Koli fishermen | Maharashtra Narali Purnima falls in which month? | Shravan | July-August Ellora Ajanta Festival is held in which city? | Aurangabad | Maharashtra Kala Ghoda Arts Festival is held where? | Mumbai | February Gudi Padwa is New Year of which state? | Maharashtra | Ugadi is New Year of which states? | Andhra Pradesh Telangana Karnataka | Yaoshang is Manipur's version of which festival? | Holi | Five days Lai Haraoba worships which deities? | Umang Lai | Manipur Sangai Festival is held in which state? | Manipur | November Sangai is named after which animal? | Brow-antlered deer | Manipur state animal Cherry Blossom Festival is held where? | Shillong | Meghalaya November Nuakhai is harvest festival of which state? | Odisha | Western Odisha Nuakhai is observed when? | Day after Ganesh Chaturthi | Aug-Sep Raja Parba celebrates what? | Earth's menstruation | Odisha 3 days Konark Dance Festival is held at? | Sun Temple Konark | Odisha December Rath Yatra is most famous in which city? | Puri | Odisha Lohri is celebrated on which date? | 13 January | Punjab Hola Mohalla was started by whom? | Guru Gobind Singh | Anandpur Sahib Hola Mohalla is held when? | Day after Holi | March Baisakhi marks what? | Punjabi harvest | Also Khalsa founding 1699 Pushkar Fair is famous for what? | Camel trading | Rajasthan Ajmer Pushkar Fair is held on? | Kartik Purnima | November Desert Festival is held in which city? | Jaisalmer | Rajasthan February Gangaur worships which goddess? | Gauri Parvati | Rajasthan Teej is the swing festival of which state? | Rajasthan | Monsoon Natyanjali is held at which temple? | Chidambaram | Tamil Nadu Thaipusam is dedicated to which god? | Lord Murugan | Tamil Nadu Karthigai Deepam is lit at? | Tiruvannamalai | Tamil Nadu Jallikattu is held during which festival? | Pongal | Tamil Nadu January Pongal lasts for how many days? | Four days | Tamil Nadu harvest Bathukamma is the flower festival of which state? | Telangana | Nine days Bathukamma is dedicated to whom? | Goddess Gauri | Telangana Bonalu worships which goddess? | Mahakali | Hyderabad Telangana Bonalu is celebrated in which month? | Ashada | July-August Sammakka Saralamma Jatara is held at? | Medaram | Telangana largest tribal fair Sammakka Jatara is held every how many years? | Two years | Biennial Kharchi Puja worships how many gods? | 14 gods | Tripura Garia Puja is for what? | Good harvest | Tripura April Kumbh Mela got UNESCO tag in which year? | 2017 | Intangible Heritage Kumbh Mela is held at which four places? | Prayagraj Haridwar Nashik Ujjain | Rotation Maha Kumbh at Prayagraj interval? | 12 years | Durga Puja got UNESCO tag in which year? | 2021 | Kolkata Dev Deepawali is famous in which city? | Varanasi | Kartik Purnima Lathmar Holi is famous in which town? | Barsana | UP also Nandgaon Phool Dei is the flower festival of which state? | Uttarakhand | March Harela is celebrated for what? | Planting saplings | Uttarakhand July Nanda Devi Raj Jat is held every how many years? | 12 years | Uttarakhand Poush Mela is held at? | Santiniketan | West Bengal December Poush Mela was started by whom? | Debendranath Tagore | Gangasagar Mela is held on which day? | Makar Sankranti | West Bengal Gangasagar Mela is held at? | Sagar Island | Holy dip Qutub Festival is held at? | Qutub Minar | Delhi Ziro Music Festival is held in which state? | Arunachal Pradesh | September Kachai Lemon Festival is held in which state? | Manipur | Ukhrul GI tag Kachai Lemon Festival is held in which month? | January | Nabakalebara is festival of which temple? | Jagannath Puri | Odisha new idols Nabakalebara coins were released by whom in 2018? | Ram Nath Kovind | President International Sand Art Festival is held at which beach? | Chandrabhaga | Odisha December True or False: Rongali Bihu is post-harvest? | False | It is pre-sowing True or False: Losar is only in Ladakh? | False | Also Arunachal Sikkim True or False: Bastar Dussehra is for Rama? | False | It is for Danteshwari [CHAPTER] folk dances Chhau of Seraikela belongs to which state? | Jharkhand | UNESCO 2010 Chhau of Mayurbhanj is from which state? | Odisha | UNESCO 2010 Chhau of Purulia is from which state? | West Bengal | UNESCO 2010 Chhau dance is UNESCO recognized in how many states? | Three | WB Jharkhand Odisha Chhau was added to UNESCO in which year? | 2010 | Intangible Heritage Garba is folk dance of which state? | Gujarat | Navratri circular dance Garba was added to UNESCO list in which year? | 2023 | Intangible Heritage Dandiya Raas uses what props? | Sticks | Gujarat Navratri Kalbelia is dance of which community? | Snake charmers | Rajasthan Kalbelia was added to UNESCO in which year? | 2010 | Rajasthan Which dance is called snake dance? | Kalbelia | Rajasthan Bhangra is traditionally performed by? | Men | Punjab harvest Giddha is traditionally performed by? | Women | Punjab Ghoomar is the folk dance of which state? | Rajasthan | Women twirling Lavani is folk dance of which state? | Maharashtra | Dholki beats Lavani is part of which theatre? | Tamasha | Maharashtra Bihu dance is from which state? | Assam | Performed in April Cheraw is famously known as? | Bamboo dance | Mizoram Cheraw belongs to which state? | Mizoram | Which dance is called bamboo dance? | Cheraw | Mizoram Yakshagana is theatre dance from which state? | Karnataka | Coastal region Theyyam is ritual dance from which state? | Kerala | North Kerala Theyyam is often confused with which classical dance? | Kathakali | Theyyam is folk ritual Kerala Dollu Kunitha is famous for what? | Drum dance | Karnataka Kuruba Nati is folk dance of which state? | Himachal Pradesh | Guinness largest Nati holds which world record? | Largest folk dance | Himachal Pradesh Wangala is festival of which state? | Meghalaya | Garo tribe Which festival is called 100 Drums Festival? | Wangala | Meghalaya Wangala is dance of which tribe? | Garo tribe | Meghalaya Koli dance represents which community? | Fishermen | Maharashtra Bhavai is famous for balancing what? | Pots on head | Rajasthan Kachchhi Ghodi uses which dummy? | Horse | Rajasthan Terah Taali uses how many manjiras? | Thirteen | Rajasthan Which dance uses thirteen cymbals? | Terah Taali | Rajasthan Chari dance balances what? | Fire pots | Rajasthan Gotipua is precursor to which classical dance? | Odissi | Odisha Paika is a martial dance from? | Jharkhand | Munda community Karma dance is major in which state? | Chhattisgarh | Also Jharkhand Odisha Panthi dance is performed by which community? | Satnami community | Chhattisgarh Raut Nacha is dance of which caste? | Yadav community | Chhattisgarh Diwali Ghoomar and Kalbelia both belong to which state? | Rajasthan | Ghoomar royal Kalbelia tribal Bagurumba is the dance of which community? | Bodo community | Called butterfly dance Which dance is called butterfly dance? | Bagurumba | Assam Bodo tribe Jhumur dance belongs to which community? | Tea tribes | Assam and West Bengal Sua Nacha is also called? | Parrot dance | Chhattisgarh women Phag dance is from which state? | Haryana | Holi harvest Saang is folk theatre dance from? | Haryana | Also UP Rajasthan Loor dance is performed by whom? | Girls | Haryana Holi Chham is a masked dance from? | Himachal Pradesh | Buddhist monasteries Santhal dance is tribal dance of which state? | Jharkhand | Harvest Veeragase is dedicated to which god? | Lord Veerabhadra | Karnataka Kamsale is devotional dance from? | Karnataka | Mahadeshwara worship Thiruvathira is women's dance from? | Kerala | Thiruvathira day Kolkali is a stick dance from? | Kerala | Performed by men Oppana is bridal dance of which community? | Mappila Muslims | Kerala Matki is pot dance from which state? | Madhya Pradesh | Malwa Jawara is harvest dance from? | Madhya Pradesh | Bundelkhand Tertali is performed by which tribe? | Kamar tribe | Madhya Pradesh Tamasha is folk theatre from? | Maharashtra | Includes Lavani Dindi is devotional dance for which god? | Vithoba | Maharashtra Lezim uses what instrument? | Wooden mallet with jingles | Maharashtra Thang Ta is which type of art? | Martial dance | Manipur Pung Cholom is famous for what? | Drum dance | Manipur Pung Cholom is performed in which state? | Manipur | During Raslila Nongkrem is a dance of which tribe? | Khasi tribe | Meghalaya Laho is a community dance from? | Meghalaya | Jaintia Hills Khuallam is a welcome dance from? | Mizoram | Mizo Chailam is performed during which festival? | Chapchar Kut | Mizoram Chang Lo is war dance of which tribe? | Chang tribe | Nagaland Dalkhai is tribal dance from which region? | Western Odisha | Sambalpur Ghumra is a war dance from? | Odisha | Kalahandi Ranapa is a stilt dance from? | Odisha | Ganjam Malwai Giddha is performed by? | Men | Malwa Punjab Jhumar is a slow dance from? | Punjab | Also Haryana Singhi Chham depicts which animal? | Snow lion | Sikkim Yak Chham depicts which animal? | Yak | Sikkim Maruni is a Nepali dance from? | Sikkim | Also Darjeeling Karagattam balances what? | Pot on head | Tamil Nadu Kavadi Attam is dedicated to which god? | Lord Murugan | Tamil Nadu Kolattam is a stick dance from? | Tamil Nadu | Also Andhra Kummi is performed by whom? | Women | Tamil Nadu clapping Mayilattam imitates which bird? | Peacock | Tamil Nadu Perini Shivatandavam is warrior dance from? | Telangana | Kakatiya period Lambadi is dance of which tribe? | Banjara tribe | Telangana Andhra Dhimsa is tribal dance from which valley? | Araku Valley | Andhra Pradesh Hojagiri is balancing dance of which tribe? | Reang tribe | Tripura Hojagiri dancers balance what? | Bottle and pot | Tripura on head Chholiya is sword dance from which region? | Kumaon | Uttarakhand Jhora is community circle dance from? | Uttarakhand | Kumaon Baul is mystic minstrel tradition from? | West Bengal | Also Bangladesh Ojapali is a narrative folk dance from which state? | Assam | Vaishnavite storytelling Ponung dance is from which state? | Arunachal Pradesh | Adi tribe Popir dance belongs to which tribe? | Galo tribe | Arunachal Pradesh Buiya dance is performed in which state? | Arunachal Pradesh | Digaru Mishmi Jat-Jatin is folk dance of which state? | Bihar | Depicts couple's love Jhijhian is performed to invoke what? | Rain | Bihar drought ritual Bidesia is folk theatre dance from which state? | Bihar | Created by Bhikhari Thakur Gaur Maria is a bison-horn dance from? | Chhattisgarh | Bastar tribal Fugdi is women's dance from which state? | Goa | Ganesh Chaturthi Dekhni is a dance form of? | Goa | Portuguese influence Dhalo is performed by whom in Goa? | Women | Pray for good husband Tippani is a labour dance from which region? | Saurashtra Gujarat | Women pounding Kayang dance belongs to which state? | Himachal Pradesh | Kinnaur Bhootha Aradhane is spirit worship from? | Coastal Karnataka | Tulu Nadu Zeliang dance belongs to which state? | Nagaland | Zeliang tribe Therukoothu is a street theatre from? | Tamil Nadu | Mahabharata Oyilattam is from which region? | Madurai | Tamil Nadu Oggu Katha is performed for which god? | Mallanna | Telangana Burrakatha is storytelling dance from? | Andhra Pradesh | With drum Butta Bommalu is a mask dance from? | Andhra Pradesh | Festival Veeranatyam is dedicated to which god? | Lord Shiva | Andhra Pradesh Garia dance is performed for? | Garia Puja | Tripura harvest Lebang Boomani mimics what? | Catching crickets | Tripura Charkula is pot dance from which region? | Braj | Uttar Pradesh Charkula uses how many lamps? | 108 | Uttar Pradesh Raslila depicts stories of whom? | Krishna | Uttar Pradesh Nautanki is folk theatre from? | Uttar Pradesh | Also Rajasthan Kajri is monsoon dance from? | Uttar Pradesh | Mirzapur Langvir Nritya is acrobatic dance from? | Uttarakhand | Garhwal Gambhira is devotional dance from which district? | Malda | West Bengal Alkap is rural theatre from? | West Bengal | Murshidabad [CHAPTER] gharanas Gwalior Gharana|Hindustani Music|Founder: Naththan Pir Baksh|Oldest khayal gharana, simple and clear style Kirana Gharana|Hindustani Music|Founder: Abdul Karim Khan|Swara purity and slow elaboration Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana|Hindustani Music|Founder: Alladiya Khan|Complex ragas and rare compositions Patiala Gharana|Hindustani Music|Founder: Ali Baksh & Fateh Ali Khan|Fast taans and ornamentation Agra Gharana|Hindustani Music|Founder: Haji Sujan Khan|Dhrupad influence and powerful voice Rampur-Sahaswan Gharana|Hindustani Music|Founder: Inayat Hussain Khan|Voice control and rhythmic clarity Mewati Gharana|Hindustani Music|Founder: Ghagge Nazir Khan|Bhajan-oriented devotional style Banaras Gharana (Vocal)|Hindustani Music|Founder: Pandit Prasadhu Manohar|Thumri and expressive singing Indore Gharana|Hindustani Music|Founder: Ustad Amir Khan|Slow tempo and deep raga development Lucknow Gharana (Kathak)|Dance|Founder: Ishwari Prasad|Graceful style (Nazakat) Jaipur Gharana (Kathak)|Dance|Founder: Bhanuji|Strong footwork and rhythm Banaras Gharana (Kathak)|Dance|Founder: Janaki Prasad|Spiritual themes and Natwari style Maihar Gharana|Instrumental Music|Founder: Allauddin Khan|Instrumental dominance and training tradition Etawah (Imdadkhani) Gharana|Instrumental Music|Founder: Imdad Khan|Gayaki ang on sitar and surbahar Senia Gharana|Hindustani Music|Founder: Tansen|Dhrupad tradition lineage Delhi Gharana (Tabla)|Tabla|Founder: Sidhar Khan Dhadi|Oldest tabla gharana, clarity of bols Ajrada Gharana|Tabla|Founder: Kallu Khan & Miru Khan|Complex rhythmic patterns Punjab Gharana (Tabla)|Tabla|Founder: Mian Qadir Baksh|Influence of pakhawaj bols Farrukhabad Gharana|Tabla|Founder: Haji Vilayat Ali Khan|Balanced and versatile style Lucknow Gharana (Tabla)|Tabla|Founder: Miyan Bakshu|Elegant and expressive compositions [CHAPTER] imp days National Youth Day|12 January|Birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda Army Day|15 January|Commemorates Field Marshal K.M. Cariappa taking charge National Girl Child Day|24 January|Promotes rights and welfare of girls Republic Day|26 January|Adoption of Constitution of India (1950) Martyrs’ Day|30 January|Death anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi World Cancer Day|4 February|Awareness against cancer (WHO initiative) National Science Day|28 February|Discovery of Raman Effect by C.V. Raman International Women’s Day|8 March|Celebrates women’s achievements World Water Day|22 March|Importance of freshwater conservation World Health Day|7 April|Marks founding of WHO (1948) Ambedkar Jayanti|14 April|Birth anniversary of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Earth Day|22 April|Environmental protection awareness Labour Day|1 May|Workers’ rights and labour movement World Press Freedom Day|3 May|Freedom of press awareness International Nurses Day|12 May|Birth anniversary of Florence Nightingale World Environment Day|5 June|Environmental protection awareness International Yoga Day|21 June|Promotes yoga worldwide National Doctor’s Day (India)|1 July|Birth anniversary of Dr. B.C. Roy World Population Day|11 July|Population issues awareness Independence Day|15 August|India’s independence (1947) National Sports Day|29 August|Birth anniversary of Major Dhyan Chand Teacher’s Day|5 September|Birth anniversary of Dr. S. Radhakrishnan International Literacy Day|8 September|Promotes literacy worldwide Hindi Diwas|14 September|Adoption of Hindi as official language Gandhi Jayanti|2 October|Birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi Lal Bahadur Shastri Jayanti|2 October|Birth anniversary of Lal Bahadur Shastri United Nations Day|24 October|Formation of United Nations (1945) National Unity Day|31 October|Birth anniversary of Sardar Patel Children’s Day|14 November|Birth anniversary of Jawaharlal Nehru Constitution Day|26 November|Adoption of Indian Constitution (1949) World AIDS Day|1 December|Awareness about HIV/AIDS Armed Forces Flag Day|7 December|Honours armed forces personnel Human Rights Day|10 December|Adoption of UDHR (1948) [CHAPTER] mucis Hindustani Music|North India|One of the two classical traditions|Includes Dhrupad and Khayal styles Carnatic Music|South India|Second classical tradition|More rigid and composition-based Dhrupad|Hindustani Music|Oldest form of classical singing|Serious and devotional style Khayal|Hindustani Music|Most popular vocal form|Improvisation and flexibility Thumri|Hindustani Music|Light classical form|Romantic and expressive style Tappa|Hindustani Music|Fast-paced style|Originated in Punjab region Tarana|Hindustani Music|Uses meaningless syllables|Rhythmic and fast composition Bhajan|Devotional Music|Hindu devotional songs|Dedicated to gods Qawwali|Sufi Music|Islamic devotional music|Performed at dargahs Alap|Music Term|Slow introduction of raga|Without rhythm Raga|Music Term|Melodic framework|Defines mood and structure Tala|Music Term|Rhythmic cycle|Time measure in music Shruti|Music Term|Smallest unit of sound|Microtone Swara|Music Term|Musical note|Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni Saptak|Music Term|Set of seven notes|Octave in Indian music Sitar|String Instrument|Plucked instrument|Used in Hindustani music Sarod|String Instrument|Fretless instrument|Deep and rich sound Veena|String Instrument|Ancient classical instrument|Used in Carnatic music Violin|String Instrument|Adapted in Indian music|Important in Carnatic concerts Tanpura|String Instrument|Drone instrument|Provides background sound Tabla|Percussion Instrument|Pair of drums|Used in Hindustani music Mridangam|Percussion Instrument|Double-headed drum|Used in Carnatic music Pakhawaj|Percussion Instrument|Ancient drum|Used in Dhrupad style Dhol|Percussion Instrument|Folk drum|Used in Bhangra Shehnai|Wind Instrument|Reed instrument|Used in weddings and temples Flute (Bansuri)|Wind Instrument|Bamboo instrument|Associated with Lord Krishna Ghazal|Light Music|Poetic singing form|Urdu poetry based Folk Music|Traditional|Regional music styles|Varies by state Rabindra Sangeet|West Bengal|Composed by Rabindranath Tagore|Bengali songs Baul Music|West Bengal|Mystic folk music|Spiritual tradition [CHAPTER] national organisation NITI Aayog|2015|Replaced Planning Commission|Policy think tank of Government of India Planning Commission|1950|Now replaced|Economic planning body of India Election Commission of India|1950|Constitutional body|Conducts elections in India Finance Commission|1951|Constitutional body|Recommends distribution of taxes Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)|1926|Constitutional body|Conducts central services exams Staff Selection Commission (SSC)|1975|Recruitment body|Conducts CGL, CHSL exams Reserve Bank of India (RBI)|1935|Central Bank|Controls monetary policy Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)|1992|Regulatory body|Regulates stock market Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI)|1999|Regulatory body|Regulates insurance sector National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)|1993|Statutory body|Protects human rights Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)|1964|Statutory body|Prevents corruption in government Central Information Commission (CIC)|2005|Statutory body|Ensures RTI implementation Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG)|1950|Constitutional body|Audits government accounts National Commission for Women (NCW)|1992|Statutory body|Protects women rights National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC)|2004|Constitutional body|Safeguards SC rights National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST)|2004|Constitutional body|Safeguards ST rights National Green Tribunal (NGT)|2010|Statutory body|Handles environmental cases Food Corporation of India (FCI)|1965|Public sector body|Manages food grains National Development Council (NDC)|1952|Advisory body|Supports planning process Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)|1948|Scientific body|Controls atomic energy program [CHAPTER] sports Cricket|England|11 players per team|Bat and ball game|Trophies: ICC Cricket World Cup, T20 World Cup, The Ashes Football (Soccer)|England|11 players per team|Goal scoring game using feet|Trophies: FIFA World Cup, UEFA Champions League Hockey|England/India|11 players per team|Stick and ball game|Trophies: Hockey World Cup, Sultan Azlan Shah Cup Badminton|England|1 or 2 players per side|Racquet sport with shuttlecock|Trophies: Thomas Cup, Uber Cup Tennis|England|1 or 2 players per side|Court-based racquet sport|Trophies: Wimbledon, Davis Cup Table Tennis|England|1 or 2 players per side|Indoor racquet sport|Trophies: World Championships Basketball|USA|5 players per team|Played with hoop and ball|Trophies: NBA Championship, FIBA World Cup Volleyball|USA|6 players per team|Net-based team sport|Trophies: FIVB World Cup Baseball|USA|9 players per team|Bat-and-ball game|Trophies: World Series Rugby|England|15 players per team|Contact sport with oval ball|Trophies: Rugby World Cup Golf|Scotland|Individual|Club and ball sport|Trophies: The Masters, Ryder Cup Boxing|Ancient Greece|Individual|Combat sport with gloves|Titles: WBA, WBC Wrestling|Ancient Greece|Individual|Grappling sport|Titles: World Championships Kabaddi|India|7 players per team|Raid and defend sport|Trophies: Kabaddi World Cup Kho Kho|India|12 players (9 play)|Chasing and tagging sport|Trophies: Kho Kho World Cup Polo|Persia/India|4 players per team|Horse riding sport|Trophies: World Polo Championship Snooker|UK/India|Individual|Cue sport with balls|Trophies: World Snooker Championship Billiards|France|Individual|Cue sport|Trophies: World Billiards Championship Carrom|India|2 or 4 players|Board game with striker|Trophies: Carrom World Cup Chess|India|2 players|Strategy board game|Trophies: World Chess Championship Archery|Ancient|Individual/Team|Bow and arrow sport|Trophies: Archery World Cup Shooting|Modern|Individual/Team|Target sport|Trophies: ISSF World Cup Cycling|Europe|Individual/Team|Bicycle racing|Trophies: Tour de France Athletics|Ancient Greece|Individual/Team|Track and field events|Trophies: World Athletics Championships Gymnastics|Ancient Greece|Individual/Team|Strength and flexibility sport|Trophies: World Championships Swimming|Ancient|Individual/Team|Water racing sport|Trophies: FINA World Championships Weightlifting|Ancient Greece|Individual|Lifting weights sport|Trophies: World Championships Judo|Japan|Individual|Martial art sport|Trophies: World Judo Championships Karate|Japan|Individual|Striking martial art|Trophies: World Karate Championships Taekwondo|Korea|Individual|Kicking martial art|Trophies: World Taekwondo Championships Fencing|Europe|Individual/Team|Sword fighting sport|Trophies: World Fencing Championships Rowing|Europe|Team|Boat racing sport|Trophies: World Rowing Championships Sailing|Europe|Individual/Team|Wind-based boat sport|Trophies: America’s Cup