ancient

[CHAPTER] MAHAJANAPADAS MAHAJANAPADAS | Large territorial states/kingdoms jana means | tribe or people janapada means | land occupied by a tribe mahajanapada means | large territorial kingdom period of mahajanapadas | 600 BCE total number of mahajanapadas | 16 which period is called second urbanization | mahajanapada period why called second urbanization | growth of cities after Harappan civilization main reasons for rise of mahajanapadas | iron technology, agriculture, trade, urbanization three literary sources of mahajanapadas | Buddhist, Jain, Sanskrit buddhist source of mahajanapadas | Anguttara Nikaya another buddhist source of mahajanapadas | Digha Nikaya jain source of mahajanapadas | Bhagavati Sutra sanskrit source of mahajanapadas | Ashtadhyayi author of Ashtadhyayi | Panini Anguttara Nikaya mentions how many mahajanapadas | 16 Digha Nikaya mentions how many mahajanapadas | 12 Bhagavati Sutra belongs to | Jain literature Ashtadhyayi is famous for | Sanskrit grammar oldest surviving Sanskrit grammar | Ashtadhyayi capital of Anga | Champa capital of Magadha | Rajagriha later capital of Magadha | Pataliputra capital of Kasi | Varanasi capital of Kosala | Sravasti another important city of Kosala | Ayodhya capital of Vatsa | Kausambi capital of Avanti | Ujjain southern capital of Avanti | Mahishmati capital of Malla | Kusinara another capital of Malla | Pava capital of Vajji | Vaishali capital of Chedi | Shuktimati capital of Kuru | Indraprastha capital of Panchala | Ahichhatra another capital of Panchala | Kampilya capital of Matsya | Viratnagar capital of Surasena | Mathura capital of Gandhara | Taxila capital of Kamboja | Rajapura capital of Assaka | Potana another capital of Assaka | Pratishthana most important mahajanapada for exams | Magadha capital of Vajji confederacy | Vaishali vajji was a | republic/confederacy vajji confederacy consisted of | Lichchhavis, Videhas, Jnatrikas which mahajanapada had Vaishali as capital | Vajji which mahajanapada had Kusinara as capital | Malla which mahajanapada had Taxila as capital | Gandhara which mahajanapada had Ujjain as capital | Avanti which mahajanapada had Kausambi as capital | Vatsa which mahajanapada had Mathura as capital | Surasena which mahajanapada had Varanasi as capital | Kasi which mahajanapada had Champa as capital | Anga which mahajanapada had Indraprastha as capital | Kuru which mahajanapada had Viratnagar as capital | Matsya which mahajanapada had Rajagriha as capital | Magadha which mahajanapada had Sravasti as capital | Kosala which mahajanapada was south of Vindhyas | Assaka only mahajanapada south of Vindhyas | Assaka modern significance of Taxila | ancient centre of learning modern significance of Pataliputra | present-day Patna modern significance of Rajagriha | Rajgir in Bihar which mahajanapada was famous for education | Gandhara which mahajanapada was famous for Taxila university | Gandhara which mahajanapada was famous for horse breeding | Kamboja which mahajanapada was a powerful republic | Vajji which mahajanapada was associated with Buddha's Mahaparinirvana | Malla where did Buddha attain Mahaparinirvana | Kusinara Kusinara belonged to which mahajanapada | Malla where did Buddha give first sermon | Sarnath Sarnath is near | Varanasi Varanasi was capital of | Kasi Mahavira was associated with which confederacy | Vajji Jnatrika clan belonged to | Vajji confederacy important republics among mahajanapadas | Vajji, Malla, Kamboja important monarchies among mahajanapadas | Magadha, Kosala, Kasi, Avanti, Vatsa best known republic among mahajanapadas | Vajji which mahajanapada later became most powerful | Magadha main river associated with Magadha | Ganga important rivers near Magadha | Ganga, Son, Champa main reason for rise of Magadha | fertile land another reason for rise of Magadha | iron ore deposits another reason for rise of Magadha | strategic location another reason for rise of Magadha | river transport another reason for rise of Magadha | elephants from forests fertile region of Magadha known for | rice cultivation iron deposits helping Magadha were mainly from | present-day Jharkhand region which mahajanapada eventually dominated northern India | Magadha which Buddhist text is most important for mahajanapadas | Anguttara Nikaya which Jain text mentions mahajanapadas | Bhagavati Sutra who wrote Ashtadhyayi | Panini which capital later became capital of Nandas, Mauryas and Guptas | Pataliputra present-day name of Pataliputra | Patna present-day name of Rajagriha | Rajgir most important republic capital for SSC | Vaishali most important education centre among mahajanapadas | Taxila most important city of Avanti | Ujjain most important city of Kosala | Sravasti most important city of Vatsa | Kausambi most important city of Surasena | Mathura most important city of Gandhara | Taxila most important city of Vajji | Vaishali most important city of Malla | Kusinara [CHAPTER] HARYANKA DYNASTY HARYANKA DYNASTY | first important ruling dynasty of Magadha period of haryanka dynasty | 544 BCE–413 BCE founder of haryanka dynasty | Bimbisara capital of haryanka dynasty | Rajagriha (Rajgir) first powerful ruler of Magadha | Bimbisara title of Bimbisara | Seniya period of Bimbisara | 544 BCE–492 BCE kingdom annexed by Bimbisara | Anga capital of Anga | Champa method of expansion by Bimbisara | conquest and matrimonial alliances wife of Bimbisara from Kosala | Kosala Devi Kosala Devi was sister of | Prasenajit dowry received from Kosala | Kasi village wife of Bimbisara from Vajji | Chellana Chellana belonged to | Lichchhavi clan wife of Bimbisara from Punjab region | Khema Khema belonged to | Madra clan famous physician during Bimbisara reign | Jivaka Jivaka treated king of | Avanti king of Avanti treated by Jivaka | Pradyota disease suffered by Pradyota | jaundice Bimbisara contemporary of | Buddha and Mahavira monastery donated by Bimbisara | Veluvana first king to maintain standing army | Bimbisara successor of Bimbisara | Ajatashatru period of Ajatashatru | 492 BCE–460 BCE mother of Ajatashatru | Chellana greatest achievement of Ajatashatru | conquest of Vajji capital of Vajji | Vaishali republic defeated by Ajatashatru | Vajji Confederacy Ajatashatru contemporary of | Buddha and Mahavira Buddhist council held during Ajatashatru reign | First Buddhist Council place of First Buddhist Council | Rajagriha cave associated with First Buddhist Council | Saptaparni Cave chairman of First Buddhist Council | Mahakassapa purpose of First Buddhist Council | compilation of Buddha's teachings war machine used by Ajatashatru | Mahashilakantaka meaning of Mahashilakantaka | stone throwing engine another war machine used by Ajatashatru | Rathamusala meaning of Rathamusala | chariot fitted with maces successor of Ajatashatru | Udayin greatest achievement of Udayin | shifted capital to Pataliputra capital shifted from | Rajagriha capital shifted to | Pataliputra modern name of Pataliputra | Patna rivers near Pataliputra | Ganga and Son importance of Pataliputra | future capital of Nandas Mauryas and Guptas weak rulers after Udayin | Anuruddha Munda Nagadasaka last ruler of Haryanka dynasty | Nagadasaka who overthrew Nagadasaka | Shishunaga dynasty after Haryanka | Shishunaga Dynasty sequence of rulers | Bimbisara → Ajatashatru → Udayin → Anuruddha → Munda → Nagadasaka [CHAPTER]IndusValleyCivilization Period|3300BCE–1300BCE MaturePhase|2600BCE–1900BCE DiscoveryHarappa|1921ByDayaRamSahni DiscoveryMohenjoDaro|1922ByRDBanerji LargestSite|MohenjoDaroInSindhPakistan LargestIndianSite|RakhigarhiHaryana MajorSitesIndia|Harappa,MohenjoDaro,Lothal,Dholavira,Kalibangan,Banawali,Rakhigarhi MajorRiver|Indus&SaraswatiGhaggarHakra CapitalCities|Harappa&MohenjoDaro TownPlanning|GridPattern,StreetsAtRightAngles Citadel|WesternMoundForPublic&ReligiousBuildings LowerTown|EasternMoundForResidentialArea GreatBath|MohenjoDaro,UsedForRitualBathing Granary|Harappa,LargeStorehousesForGrain DrainageSystem|CoveredUndergroundDrains,SoakPits HouseMaterial|BurntBricks,StandardSize1:2:4 Dockyard|LothalGujarat ArtificialReservoir|DholaviraGujarat PloughedField|KalibanganRajasthan FireAltars|Kalibangan&Lothal Occupation|Agriculture,Trade,CraftProduction MainCrops|Wheat,Barley,Peas,Sesame,Cotton FirstToGrowCotton|IVCCalledSindonByGreeks DomesticatedAnimals|Cattle,Buffalo,Sheep,Goat,Dog,Elephant AnimalNotKnown|Horse,NoClearEvidence Seals|SteatiteSquareSeals,UsedForTrade Script|Pictographic,Boustrophedon,Undeciphered WritingDirection|RightToLeft&LeftToRightAlternate MajorSeal|PashupatiSealMohenjoDaro PashupatiSeal|ProtoShivaSeatedInYogicPosture MotherGoddess|TerracottaFemaleFigurines MajorExports|CottonTextiles,Beads,Pottery TradeWith|MesopotamiaMeluha,OmanMagan,Dilmun Weights|CubicalChertStones,Binary1,2,4,8 Measurement|BronzeRodFoundAtHarappa Craft|LapidaryBeadMaking,ShellWork,Metallurgy MetalKnown|Copper,Bronze,Gold,Silver,Lead MetalNotKnown|Iron BronzeDancingGirl|MohenjoDaroLostWaxTechnique BeardedPriest|SteatiteStatueMohenjoDaro Pottery|Red&BlackPainted,WheelMade Burial|ExtendedBurialAtHarappa,PotBurialAtLothal Religion|Animism,WorshipOfTrees,Animals,PhallusYoni PoliticalSystem|NoClearKing,ProbablyMerchantOligarchy DeclineStart|1900BCE DeclineCauses|ClimateChange,Floods,DryingSaraswati,InvasionTheoryDebated SuccessorCulture|CemeteryHCulture,LateHarappan [CHAPTER]VedicPeriod1500–600BCE PeriodDivision|EarlyVedic/Rigvedic1500–1000BCE,LaterVedic1000–600BCE Source|Vedas,Brahmanas,Aranyakas,Upanishads OldestVeda|Rigveda RigvedaHymns|1028Suktas,10Mandalas Mandalas2to7|FamilyBooks,EarliestPart Mandalas1&10|LaterAdditions Samaveda|VedaOfMelodies,ChantsForSomaSacrifice SamavedaImportance|RootOfIndianMusic Yajurveda|VedaOfSacrificialFormulas,Prose&Verse YajurvedaTypes|Krishna=Black,MixedShukla=White,Pure Atharvaveda|VedaOfMagicSpells,Medicine,Charms AtharvavedaContent|NonAryaTraditions,Diseases,Remedies Brahmanas|ProseTextsOnRituals&Sacrifice Aranyakas|ForestBooks,Mysticism&Philosophy Upanishads|Vedanta,EndOfVedas,Philosophy TotalUpanishads|108,Major13 ImportantUpanishads|Brihadaranyaka,Chandogya,Katha,Isha Vedangas|6LimbsOfVedas 6Vedangas|Shiksha,Kalpa,Vyakarana,Nirukta,Chhanda,Jyotisha EarlyVedicGeography|SaptaSindhu,LandOf7Rivers MainRiverEarly|Sindhu=Indus RiverNames|Ravi=Parushni,Jhelum=Vitasta,Chenab=Askini,Beas=Vipasa,Sutlej=Shutudri BattleOfTenKings|Dasarajna,BharataVs10TribesOnRavi Victor|KingSudasOfBharataTribe PolityEarly|Tribal,Rajan=Gopati Gopati|King,ProtectorOfCows Assemblies|Sabha=CouncilOfElders,Samiti=FolkAssembly OfficialsEarly|Purohita=Priest,Senani=Commander,Gramani=VillageHead TaxEarly|Bali=VoluntaryOffering VarnaEarly|BasedOnOccupation,Flexible FamilyEarly|Patriarchal,Monogamous WomenStatusEarly|Respected,ComposedHymns,SabhaAccess WomenScholars|Gargi,Maitreyi,Lopamudra,Apala EconomyEarly|Pastoral,MainWealth=Cows AgricultureEarly|Subsidiary,Barley=Yava MetalEarly|Ayas=Copper/Bronze GodEarly|Indra=Rain&War,Agni=Fire,Varuna=CosmicOrder LaterVedicGeography|ShiftToGangaYamunaDoab,KuruPanchala IronUse|KrishnaAyas=Iron,UsedAfter1000BCE PolityLater|Kingdom,TerritorialMahajanapadas KingTitlesLater|Samrat,Ekarat,Sarwabhauma AssembliesLater|Sabha&SamitiDeclined TaxLater|Bali&Bhaga=Compulsory,1/6thProduce OfficialsLater|12Ratnins,IncludeBhagadugha=TaxCollector VarnaLater|Rigid,BirthBased,4Varnas 4Varnas|Brahmana,Kshatriya,Vaishya,Shudra PurushaSukta|Rigveda10thMandala,OriginOfVarnas AshramaSystem|Brahmacharya,Grihastha,Vanaprastha,Sannyasa GotraSystem|Exogamy,DevelopedInLaterVedic FamilyLater|JointFamily,Patriarchal,Patrilineal WomenStatusLater|Declined,NoSabha,ChildMarriageStarted EconomyLater|AgricultureDominant CropsLater|Wheat,Barley,Rice=Vrihi,Vegetables CraftsLater|Carpenters,Smiths,Weavers,Potters Coins|Nishka,Suvarna,GoldPieces Trade|Barter,NoRegularCoinage GodLater|Prajapati=Creator,Vishnu,Rudra=Shiva SacrificesLater|Rajasuya,Ashvamedha,Vajapeya PhilosophyLater|Upanishads,Karma,Atman,Brahman,Moksha [CHAPTER]BuddhismFourCouncils FirstBuddhistCouncil|Rajgriha483BCE PatronFirstCouncil|AjatshatruHaryankaDynasty VenueFirstCouncil|SattapanniCavesRajgriha PresidentFirstCouncil|Mahakassapa PurposeFirstCouncil|CompilationOfSuttaPitaka&VinayaPitaka RecitedSuttaPitaka|Ananda RecitedVinayaPitaka|Upali SecondBuddhistCouncil|Vaishali383BCE PatronSecondCouncil|KalasokaShishunagaDynasty PresidentSecondCouncil|Sabakami ReasonSecondCouncil|DisputeOn10MonasticRules ResultSecondCouncil|SplitIntoSthaviravadins&Theravada&Mahasanghikas ThirdBuddhistCouncil|Pataliputra250BCE PatronThirdCouncil|AshokaMauryaDynasty PresidentThirdCouncil|MoggaliputtaTissa PurposeThirdCouncil|PurifySangha,ExpelHeretics TextCompiledThirdCouncil|AbhidhammaPitaka,AddedToCanon ResultThirdCouncil|SendingMissionaries,9MissionsByAshoka FourthBuddhistCouncil|Kashmir/Kundalvana72CE PatronFourthCouncil|KanishkaKushanaDynasty PresidentFourthCouncil|Vasumitra VicePresidentFourthCouncil|Ashvaghosha VenueFourthCouncil|KundalvanaMonasteryKashmir LanguageFourthCouncil|Sanskrit ResultFourthCouncil|SplitIntoHinayana&MahaYana TextsCompiledFourthCouncil|VibhashaShastra,Mahavibhasa Hinayana|ElderSchool,IndividualSalvation,ArhatIdeal Mahayana|GreatVehicle,BodhisattvaIdeal,IdolWorship ChairmanSanskritCanon|Parsva [CHAPTER]Jainism FounderHistorical|VardhamanaMahavira24thTirthankara TotalTirthankaras|24 FirstTirthankara|Rishabhadeva/Adinatha SymbolRishabhadeva|Bull 24thTirthankara|VardhamanaMahavira BirthMahavira|540BCEKundagramaVaishali FatherMahavira|SiddharthaHeadOfJnatrikaClan MotherMahavira|TrishalaLichchhaviPrincess WifeMahavira|Yashoda DaughterMahavira|Priyadarshana LeftHome|30YearsAge AttainedKaivalya|42YearsAgeAtJrimbhikagrama PlaceKaivalya|UnderSalTreeOnRijupalikaRiver DiedMahavira|468BCEPavapuri DeathCalled|Nirvana,72YearsAge FirstDisciple|JamaliSonInLaw FirstWomanDisciple|Chandana 23rdTirthankara|Parshvanatha SymbolParshvanatha|Serpent ParshvanathaTeachings|4VowsSatya,Ahimsa,Asteya,Aparigraha MahaviraAdded|Brahmacharya=5thVow 5Vows|Ahimsa,Satya,Asteya,Brahmacharya,Aparigraha Triratnas|ThreeJewelsOfJainism RightFaith|SamyakDarshana RightKnowledge|SamyakJnana RightConduct|SamyakCharitra Goal|AttainMoksha=LiberationFromKarma ConceptOfGod|NoCreatorGod,TirthankarasAreIdeal Soul|Jiva,Eternal,Individual NonSoul|Ajiva,Matter,Space,Time,Motion,Rest Syadvada|DoctrineOfMayBe,SevenfoldPredication Anekantavada|DoctrineOfManifoldAspects,TruthIsRelative SacredTexts|Agamas,12Angas LanguageAgamas|Ardhamagadhi RejectedVedas|Yes Split|300BCEAfterBhadrabahu Sects|Digambara&Shvetambara Digambara|SkyClad,Bhadrabahu,NudeMonks,NoWomenMoksha Shvetambara|WhiteClad,Sthulabhadra,WearWhite,AllowWomenMoksha MajorCouncils|FirstPataliputra300BCE,SecondValabhi512CE FirstCouncilPresident|Sthulabhadra ValabhiCouncil|FinalCompilationOf12Angas&12Upangas ImportantSites|Pavapuri,Shravanabelagola,Dilwara,Palitana [CHAPTER]MauryanEmpire322–185BCE Founder|ChandraguptaMaurya Advisor|Chanakya/Kautilya/Vishnugupta BookByChanakya|Arthashastra ForeignVisitor|Megasthenes,GreekAmbassador BookByMegasthenes|Indica Overthrew|NandaDynastyDhanananda Defeated|SeleucusNicator305BCE TreatySeleucus|SeleucusGaveHerat,Kandahar,Kabul,Baluchistan GiftSeleucus|500ElephantsToChandragupta Capital|Pataliputra JainTradition|ChandraguptaBecameJain,FastedToDeathAtShravanabelagola SuccessorChandragupta|Bindusara BindusaraTitle|Amitraghata=SlayerOfEnemies BindusaraCalled|Greeks=Amitochates MostFamousRuler|Ashoka273–232BCE FatherAshoka|Bindusara GrandfatherAshoka|ChandraguptaMaurya Coronation|269BCE,4YearsAfterAccession KalingaWar|261BCE KalingaWarResult|150000Captured,100000Killed ImpactKalinga|AshokaConvertedToBuddhism,FollowedBherighoshaToDhammaghosha Dhamma|AshokaPolicyOfPiety,MoralLaw DhammaFeatures|Ahimsa,Truthfulness,RespectElders,Tolerance OfficersDhamma|Dhammamahamatras,Created13thYearReign EdictsScript|Brahmi,Kharosthi,NorthWestAramaic&Greek DecipheredEdicts|JamesPrinsep1837 EdictsTypes|MajorRockEdicts14,MinorRockEdicts,PillarEdicts7,SeparateEdicts BhabruEdict|AshokaDeclaresFaithInBuddha,Dhamma,Sangha MajorRockEdict13|MentionsKalingaWar&Neighbors AshokaNeighbors|AntiochusII, PtolemyII, Antigonus, Magas, Alexander RummindeiPillar|Lumbini,TaxReliefBirthplaceBuddha NigalisagarPillar|RaisedStupaOfKonakamanaBuddha SanchiStupa|BuiltByAshoka LastMaurya|Brihadratha End|185BCEByPushyamitraShunga SaptangaTheory|7ElementsOfStateByKautilya 7Elements|Swaami=A king,Amatya=Ministers,Janapada=Territory,Durga=Fort,Kosha=Treasury,Danda=Army,Mitra=Ally AdministrationCentral|KingHeaded,Council=Mantriparishad ImportantAdhyakshas|SuperintendentsOfDepartments Sitadhyaksha|Agriculture Panyadhyaksha|Commerce Sulkaadhyaksha|Tolls Akaradhyaksha|Mines Navadhyaksha|Shipping Lakshanadhyaksha|Mint Samaharta|CollectorGeneralRevenue Sannidhata|Treasurer ArmyAdmin|6Boards,Each5Members,30Total CityAdmin|Pataliputra6Committees,Each5Members Province|Chakras,4MajorProvinces Provinces|Uttarapatha=Taxila,Dakshinapatha=Suvarnagiri,Avantiratha=Ujjain,Kalinga=Tosali Espionage|Gudhapurushas,Sanstha&SamsthaSpies [CHAPTER]GuptaEmpire319–540AD Title|GoldenAgeOfIndia Founder|SriGupta FirstImportantRuler|ChandraguptaI TitleChandraguptaI|Maharajadhiraja MarriageAlliance|ChandraguptaI&LicchhaviPrincessKumaradevi EraStarted|GuptaEra319–320CE Successor|Samudragupta335–380CE TitleSamudragupta|NapoleonOfIndiaByVASmith AllahabadPillar|PrayagPrashastiByHarisena AllahabadPillarDetails|SamudraguptaConquests&Policy PolicySouth|Dharmavijaya=Conquer&Release PolicyNorth|Digvijaya=Annexation PolicyTribal|Karbhara=Tax TitlesSamudragupta|Kaviraja,Parakramanka,AshvamedhaPerformer CoinsSamudragupta|TigerSlayer,LyristType,AshvamedhaType Successor|ChandraguptaII380–415CE TitleChandraguptaII|Vikramaditya,Simhavikrama Capital|UjjainAfterConquest Defeated|SakasOfWesternIndia,RudrasimhaIII Navratnas|9GemsInCourt Kalidasa|Poet,AbhijnanaShakuntalam,Meghaduta Varahamihira|Astronomer,BrihatSamhita Amarasimha|Lexicographer,Amarkosha Dhanvantri|Physician ChineseTraveler|FaHien399–414CE FaHienBook|FoKwoKi,RecordOfBuddhistKingdoms FaHienObservation|NoDeathPenalty,PeacefulPeople KumaraguptaI|415–455CE Founded|NalandaUniversity Performed|Ashvamedha Skandagupta|455–467CE Defeated|HunasInvasion LastGreatGupta|Skandagupta BhitariPillar|SkandaguptaInscription DeclineCause|HunaInvasion,WeakSuccessors,Feudalism Administration|Decentralized,MoreLandGrants Officials|Kumaramatyas,Uparika=ProvincialGovernor Army|PermanentForce,FeudalLevies Revenue|1/6thProduce,CalledBhaga LandTypes|Kshetra=Cultivable,Khila=Waste,Aprahata=Forest Coins|LargestGoldCoins,Dinara Literature|KalidasaWorks,Raghuvamsha,Kumarasambhava Science|Aryabhatta476–550CE AryabhattaWork|Aryabhatiya ContributionsAryabhatta|Zero,DecimalSystem,Pi=3.1416,EarthRotation VarahamihiraWork|Panchasiddhantika Medicine|SushrutaSamhita,Surgery IronPillar|MehrauliDelhi,RustFree,ChandraguptaII Temples|DashavataraDeogarh,BhitargaonBrickTemple Art|AjantaCaves16&17,Ellora Religion|Bhagavatism,Vishnu&Worship,IdolWorship End|540CEByLaterHunas&Toranama [CHAPTER]PostGuptaPeriod500–1200CE Harshavardhana|606–647CE DynastyHarsha|Pushyabhuti/Vardhana CapitalHarsha|Kannauj OriginalCapital|Thanesar Biography|HarshacharitaByBanabhatta OfficialPoet|Banabhatta,AuthorKadambari DefeatedBy|PulakeshinIIOnNarmada629CE ChineseTraveler|HiuenTsang= Xuanzang630–644CE HiuenTsangBook|SiYuKi Assemblies|KannaujAssembly, PrayagMahaMokshaParishad Religion|ShaivaLaterBuddhist,CalledSiladitya Died|647CE,NoHeir,EmpireDisintegrated Palas|750–1161CEBengal&Bihar FounderPala|Gopala750CE ElectedKing|GopalaByPeople GreatestPala|Dharmapala770–810CE Founded|VikramashilaUniversity Revived|NalandaUniversity ReligionPala|Buddhist,Mahayana&Tantra ArtPala|PalaSchoolOfSculpture&Painting Pratiharas|730–1036CEWestern&CentralIndia AlsoCalled|GurjaraPratiharas Founder|NagabhataI Capital|Kannauj GreatestRuler|MihirBhoja836–885CE ArabWriter|AlMasudiCalledKingBhojaStrongestInIndia TripartiteStruggle|PalasVsPratiharasVsRashtrakutasForKannauj Rashtrakutas|753–982CEDecan Founder|Dantidurga Capital|Manyakheta GreatestRuler|AmoghavarshaI814–878CE AmoghavarshaWork|Kavirajamarga,KannadaLiterature KrishnaIDeveloped|KailasaTempleEllora,Monolithic Rajputs|OriginDebated,AgniKulaTheory MajorRajputClans|Pratihara,Chauhan,Chalukya/Solanki,Parmar Chauhans|Ajmer&D elhi FamousChauhan|PrithvirajIII1178–1192CE PrithvirajRaso|ByChandBardai BattlesOfTarain|1191FirstWon,1192SecondLostToGhori Solankis|Gujarat,CapitalAnhilwara FamousSolanki|BhimaI,TempleSomnathAttacked1025CE Paramaras|Malwa,CapitalDhar FamousParamara|RajaBhoja1010–1055CE BhojaWorks|SamaranganaSutradhara,ScholarKing Chandellas|Bundelkhand Capital|Khajuraho FamousRuler|Dhanga,Vidyadhara Temples|KhajurahoEroticSculptures,Built950–1050CE Gahadavalas|Kannauj FamousRuler|Jaichand,DefeatedByGhori1194CEBattleOfChandawar Kalachuris|CentralIndia,Tripuri EasternChalukyas|Vengi,624–1189CE WesternChalukyas|Kalyani,973–1189CE Art|TemplesKhajuraho,Bhubaneswar,Lingaraja Literature|RajataranginiByKalhana1148–1150CE Rajatarangini|HistoryOfKashmir Science|Bharavi=Kiratarjuniya,Magha=Shishupalavadha [CHAPTER]SouthIndianDynasties CholaDynasty|300BCE–1279CE,Imperial850–1279CE FounderImperialChola|Vijayalaya850CE CapitalChola|Thanjavur GreatestRuler|RajarajaI985–1014CE RajarajaIBuilt|BrihadeshwaraTempleThanjavur1010CE RajarajaITitle|MummadiChola,CholaMartanda NavyRajarajaI|ConqueredMaldives,SriLankaAnuradhapura Successor|RajendraI1014–1044CE TitleRajendraI|GangaikondaChola CapitalRajendraI|Gangaikondacholapuram CampaignRajendraI|GangesExpedition,ConqueredKadaram=Srivijaya Administration|CentralizedWithLocalSelfGovt LocalSelfGovt|Ur=NontBrahminVillage,Sabha=BrahminVillage,Nagaram=TradersTown UttaramerurInscription|ParantakaI,DetailsOfSabhaElection Variyam|CommitteeOfSabha VariyamTypes|Eri=Tank,Garden,Gold,Justice,General KudavolaiSystem|BallotLotSystemForElection Revenue|1/3rdProduce,CalledKadamai Officials|Perundanam=Higher,Chirutaram=Lower Army|Kaikkolaperumpadai=RoyalTroops Navy|Strongest,UsedForOverseasTrade&Conquest Trade|WithChina,SEAsia,Arabia CholaBronze|Nataraja,LosWaxTechnique PallavaDynasty|275–897CE CapitalPallava|Kanchipuram Founder|Simhavishnu575–600CE GreatestRuler|NarasimhavarmanI630–668CE TitleNarasimhavarmanI|Mamalla Mahabalipuram|Mamallapuram,BuiltByMamalla RathaTemples|Mahabalipuram,7Pagodas,Monolithic RathaNames|Dharmaraja,Bhima,Arjuna,NakulaSahadeva,Draupadi ShoreTemple|Mahabalipuram,Structural,ByNarasimhavarmanII NarasimhavarmanIIDefet|DefeatedChalukyaVikramadityaII KailasanathaTemple|Kanchipuram,ByNarasimhavarmanII Literature|MattavilasaPrahasanaByMahendravarmanI MahendravarmanI|600–630CE,TitleChitrakarapuli Conflict|PallavaVsChalukyaOfBadami ChalukyaDynasty|543–753CEBadamiChalukyas Founder|PulakeshinI Capital|Vatapi=Badami GreatestRuler|PulakeshinII610–642CE AiholeInscription|ByRavikirti,DetailsPulakeshinII Defeated|HarshavardhanaOnNarmada629CE TitlePulakeshinII|Dakshinapatheshvara ChineseTraveler|HiuenTsangVisitedCourt NarasimhavarmanIDefeated|PulakeshinII642CE,TookTitleVatapikonda ArtChalukya|VesaraStyle,CaveTemplesBadami TemplesBadami|RockCut,Vaishnava&Shaiva VirupakshaTemple|Pattadakal,ByQueenLokamahadevi LaterChalukyas|973–1190CEKalyaniChalukyas